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The effect of high salinity on the infectivity of H1N1 and SARS-COV-2 viruses
1 Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794, USA
2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, 19107,USA
3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook, Stony Brook University, 11794, USA
4 Codagenix Inc., Farmingdale, 11735, USA
5 Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794, USA
6 Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794, USA
7 Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, 11201, USA
  • Volume
  • Citation
    Feng K, Myers J, Swayze K, Yang F, Lee W, et al. The effect of high salinity on the infectivity of H1N1 and SARS-COV-2 viruses. Biofunct. Mater. 2023(1):0005, https://doi.org/10.55092/bm20230005. 
  • DOI
    10.55092/bm20230005
  • Copyright
    Copyright2023 by the authors. Published by ELSP.
Abstract

Viral particles are transmitted via air-borne surfactant rich saline droplets. The drying dynamics of droplets reflect increased internal saline concentrations, impacting viability and use of salinity as an anti-viral disinfectant. Plaque assays were used to quantify the infectivity of H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2 viruses after being placed in NaCl solutions of different concentrations at ambient conditions. Changes in the structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein after immersion in NaCl solutions were measured using the 3D molecular imprinting technique. In silico simulation of the S-protein structure in contact with different concentrations of NaCl was performed using GROMACS 2020.2 on the AiMOS supercomputer built with IBM POWER9. Plaque assays showed that both H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2 virus infectivity was changed by less than one log reduction after treatment with high salt solutions up to 5M. No change in structure was detected with the 3D molecular imprinted sensors even at the highest concentration. The results were confirmed using molecular dynamics simulations. We have found that incubation in NaCl solutions, up to 5M concentration, had only a minimal affect in reducing the infectivity of H1N1 and SARS-COV-2 viruses. In silico modeling and molecular imprinting measurements of the S-proteins indicated no change in molecular structure, consistent with maintaining infectivity. Hence in contrast to their anti-bacterial efficacy, high salt solutions are ineffective an anti-viral agent.

Keywords

SARS-CoV-2; H1N1 influenzas virus; salinity; 3D molecular imprinted sensors; in silico simulation; S-protein; molecular dynamics simulations

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