Transforming machining waste into functional SS316 foams through inert-atmosphere microwave sintering intended for crash boxes and improving crashworthiness of vehicles
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, D.Y. Patil College of Engineering and Technology, Kolhapur-416006, Maharashtra, India
2 Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi-590018, Karnataka, India
3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, KLS Gogte Institute of Technology, Belagavi-590008, Karnataka, India
4 Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Sharad Institute of Technology College of Engineering, Yadrav-Ichalkaranji-416121, Maharashtra, India
Abstract

The rate of recycling and scrap recovery is poised to rise significantly in the near future, reflecting a strategic commitment to long-term environmental and sustainable manufacturing practices. Advancing circular economy goals in line with UN SDG-12 requires innovative strategies, such as reusing machining chips in to metal foams. Machining chips have increasingly become a preferred feedstock for solid-state reuse, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional remelting. The present research aims to develop a novel and sustainable manufacturing route for reusing Stainless Steel 316L turning chips in metallic foam fabrication. The process employed microwave sintering at 1050 °C and 1200 °C under an inert-argon atmosphere. Sintering in an inert environment offers the added advantage of minimizing oxidation and contamination while enabling a more efficient sintering cycle. Three types of foams were fabricated: pure chip foams, hybrid foams and space-holder foams, and subsequently characterized for macrostructure, microstructure and compressive behavior to evaluate their physical and mechanical properties. Foams sintered at 1200 °C exhibited a more stable plateau region with enhanced energy absorption, while their lower plateau stress facilitated easier deformation under compression, rendering them highly impact-resistant and suitable for crashworthiness applications.

Keywords

Stainless Steel 316 Foams; turning chips; inert atmosphere; microwave sintering

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