The management of groundwater pollution is a significant issue for safeguarding people's right to healthy water usage and achieving sustainable social development. Identifying pollution sources is a fundamental measure to cut off pollution sources and achieve radical pollution control. Pollution remediation is crucial for reducing pollution hazards, mitigating pollution risks, and building a healthy water resource system. Currently, common methods for tracing groundwater pollution sources include Water Quality Analysis, Isotope Tracing, Fluorescence Spectroscopy, and others. The common groundwater remediation techniques are broadly categorized into Ex-situ and In-situ Remediation Technologies, encompassing various methods and techniques. Based on a review of the above important content, this paper proposes that the research on groundwater pollution analysis and treatment currently exhibits a trend of coupling multiple tools and methods, and big data technology will play a more significant role in groundwater pollution treatment. The treatment of groundwater pollution not only depends on the innovation of technical methods, but also relies on the promotion of water resource protection concepts and institutional safeguards. It is a major project related to national economy and people's livelihood.