This article explores recent progress in photoelectrochemical cells (PECs) for hydrogen generation through water splitting, emphasizing their potential role in future renewable energy systems. A central focus is the balance between solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency and long-term operational stability, two key metrics for practical deployment. While several PEC designs have achieved impressive 10% STH efficiency threshold, aligning with U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) targets, many still face challenges in long stability necessary for practical application. Conversely, more stable systems often operate below this efficiency benchmark. Various configurations are discussed, including PECs employing platinum metal and carbon-modified TiO₂, as well as tandem and monolithic designs integrating GaInP₂, GaAs, or amorphous silicon components. Some setups, particularly those with integrated photovoltaic elements or glass encapsulation, show promise in achieving both acceptable efficiency and durability. Despite notable progress—such as self-driven systems with efficiencies exceeding 12% issues related to material cost and device longevity remain significant barriers. Moving forward, efforts should prioritize enhancing stable, scalable PEC architectures, with particular attention to improving electrode materials and optimizing silicon-based photovoltaic components.